.. DO NOT EDIT.
.. THIS FILE WAS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY SPHINX-GALLERY.
.. TO MAKE CHANGES, EDIT THE SOURCE PYTHON FILE:
.. "examples/30-showcase-cyberpunk.py"
.. LINE NUMBERS ARE GIVEN BELOW.

.. only:: html

    .. note::
        :class: sphx-glr-download-link-note

        :ref:`Go to the end <sphx_glr_download_examples_30-showcase-cyberpunk.py>`
        to download the full example code.

.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-example-title

.. _sphx_glr_examples_30-showcase-cyberpunk.py:


====================
ANother cybepunk example
====================

.. GENERATED FROM PYTHON SOURCE LINES 7-254



.. image-sg:: /examples/images/sphx_glr_30-showcase-cyberpunk_001.png
   :alt: Diamonds
   :srcset: /examples/images/sphx_glr_30-showcase-cyberpunk_001.png
   :class: sphx-glr-single-img


.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out

 .. code-block:: none

    /home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/mpl-visual-context/checkouts/improve-documentation/examples/30-showcase-cyberpunk.py:33: FutureWarning: The default of observed=False is deprecated and will be changed to True in a future version of pandas. Pass observed=False to retain current behavior or observed=True to adopt the future default and silence this warning.
      g = diamonds.groupby("cut")






|

.. code-block:: Python


    #* Import things

    import seaborn as sns
    import matplotlib as mpl
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    from mpl_visual_context.patheffects_color import StrokeColorFromFillColor

    #* use mplcyberpunk for background and colorsets

    import mplcyberpunk

    plt.style.use("cyberpunk")

    #* load diamonds datasets
    diamonds = sns.load_dataset("diamonds")

    #* Plot
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(7, 5), num=1, clear=True, layout="constrained")

    sns.despine(fig)

    import numpy as np
    bins = np.logspace(2.5, 4.3, 20)

    g = diamonds.groupby("cut")
    cut_names = ['Fair', 'Good', 'Very Good', 'Premium', 'Ideal']

    bottom = np.zeros(len(bins)-1, dtype="i")
    hh = []
    for i, cut in enumerate(cut_names):
        g1 = g.get_group(cut)
        cnt, edges = np.histogram(g1["price"], bins=bins)
        hh.append((cut, cnt, edges, bottom))
        bottom = bottom + cnt

    # We are using stairs command.
    for cut, cnt, edges, bottom in hh[::-1]:
        sp = ax.stairs(bottom+cnt, edges, baseline=bottom, fill=True,
                       label=cut)

    ax.set(xlabel="Price", ylabel="Counts")
    ax.set_xscale("log")
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mpl.ticker.ScalarFormatter())
    ax.set_xticks([500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000])
    ax.legend()

    ax.set_title("Diamonds", size=60)

    #* Lets give it some taste of patheffects. We import necessary modules.

    import mpl_visual_context.patheffects as pe
    import mpl_visual_context.image_box as ib
    import mpl_visual_context.image_effect as ie

    from mpl_visual_context.patheffects_color import BlendAlpha
    from mpl_visual_context.patheffects_multicolor import MultiColorLine


    #* We define a custom PathEffects

    from matplotlib.patheffects import PathEffectRenderer
    from mpl_visual_context.patheffects_base import ChainablePathEffect

    class RendererSetPatheffects(ChainablePathEffect):
        def __init__(self, pel):
            self._pel = pel

        def _convert(self, renderer, gc, tpath, affine, rgbFace=None):
            renderer = PathEffectRenderer(self._pel, renderer)
            return renderer, gc, tpath, affine, rgbFace


    #* Let's make the stairs have round corners

    round_corner = pe.RoundCorner(10)

    for p in ax.patches:
        p.set_path_effects([round_corner])

    #* Add alpha gradient

    alpha_gradient = pe.AlphaGradient("0 ^ 0.3")

    for p in ax.patches:
        # The alpha value starts from 0 at the bottom and increase upward to be 0.5 at the top.
        p.set_path_effects([round_corner | alpha_gradient])

    #* Add multicolor line

    # the path were created using fill_between and has both upper and lower
    # boundary. For the stroke, we only want to stroke its upper boundary, which is the 1st
    # half of the path.
    first_half = pe.Partial(0, 0.5)

    # The line is not being stroked because its linewidth and alpha set to 0. So we
    # override this and make the line thicker.
    gc_for_stroke = pe.GCModify(linewidth=4, alpha=1)

    for p in ax.patches:
        # For the ultiColorLine patheffects, we need to manually create an imagebox
        # and provide it to the patheffects. The MultiColorLine patheffect will
        # segment the path into small pieces and assign colors using the color from
        # the imagebox at the position of the path segment.
        ib_line = ib.ColorBox(p.get_fc(), alpha="up",
                              coords=p, axes=ax)
        multi_color_line = MultiColorLine(ib_line, min_length=5)

        p.set_path_effects([
            (
                first_half
                | round_corner
                | gc_for_stroke
                | multi_color_line
             )
        ])


    #* Add multicolor line

    # The above result is not ideal as it shows some artefacts where segments of
    # different colors meet. MultiColorLine temporarily override capstyle to round,
    # otherwise caps between segments can be bisible. This is not good if alpha is
    # not 1 as overrapping area look brighter than other parts. There is no good
    # solution for this. One workaround is to blend the color of line segments with
    # background color which reset alpha to 1.

    # pick up the color of background. This color will be used for alpha blending.
    bg = ax.patch.get_fc()

    # We want to blend bg for the results MultiColorLine. However, MultiColorLine
    # patheffects, which draws multiple lines, is not further chainable. It
    # terminates the chain. Behind the scene, MultiColorLine calss
    # renderer.draw_path multiple times for each line segment. So, we need to
    # override the renderer itself so that have its own patheffects (of alpha
    # blending).

    renderer_set_alpha_blend = RendererSetPatheffects([BlendAlpha(bg)])

    for p in ax.patches:
        ib_line = ib.ColorBox(p.get_fc(), alpha="up",
                              coords=p, axes=ax)
        multi_color_line = MultiColorLine(ib_line, min_length=5)

        p.set_path_effects([
            (
                first_half
                | round_corner
                | gc_for_stroke
                | renderer_set_alpha_blend
                | multi_color_line
             )
        ])


    #* Now, we will make this line glow.

    # For the glow effect, we will use image effect. ImageEffect create an image by
    # draing the artist using the agg backend, and apply effects on that image,
    # such as GaussianBlur.

    glow = pe.ImageEffect(ie.Pad(20) # we pad the image so that it has enough space for blur.
                          # First, we gaussian blur the alpha channel.
                          | ie.GaussianBlur(10, channel_slice=slice(3, 4))
                          # GaussianBlur decreases peak alpha value, we increase
                          # the overall alpha by facot of 2.
                          | ie.AlphaAxb((2, 0))
                          # We also expand the rgb channel. The background
                          # have color of white (1, 1, 1). Thus we apply Erosion
                          # effect (which uses scipy's gray_erosion behind the
                          # scene) to expand the colored region.
                          | ie.Erosion(40, channel_slice=slice(0, 3))
                          )

    # As the line will be gaussian smoothed, doing alpha_blending does not affect
    # our results. We simply remove it from the chain.

    for p in ax.patches:
        ib_line = ib.ColorBox(p.get_fc(), alpha="up",
                              coords=p, axes=ax)
        multi_color_line = MultiColorLine(ib_line, min_length=5)

        p.set_path_effects([
            (
                first_half
                | round_corner
                | gc_for_stroke
                | multi_color_line
                | glow
            )
        ])

    #* combine them all

    # In addition to the glowed line, we fill the path as we did and also we
    # stroke the original multi_color_line.

    for p in ax.patches:
        ib_line = ib.ColorBox(p.get_fc(), alpha="up",
                              coords=p, axes=ax)
        multi_color_line = MultiColorLine(ib_line, min_length=5)

        p.set_path_effects([
            (
                first_half
                | round_corner
                | gc_for_stroke
                | multi_color_line
                | glow
            ),
            (round_corner | alpha_gradient),
            (
                first_half
                | round_corner
                | gc_for_stroke
                | renderer_set_alpha_blend
                | multi_color_line
            )

        ])

    #* Let apply similar effects to the title

    # we create color gradient image using the default colomap with its value
    # varies from 0 at the left and 1 at the right.
    color_gradient_box = ib.ImageBox("right", coords=ax.title, axes=ax)

    ax.title.set_path_effects([
        (
            pe.GCModify(linewidth=2, alpha=1)
            | MultiColorLine(color_gradient_box, min_length=5)
            | glow
         ),
        (
            pe.FillImage(color_gradient_box, alpha=0.5)
        ),
        (
            pe.GCModify(linewidth=2, alpha=1)
            | MultiColorLine(color_gradient_box, min_length=5)
         )
    ])

    fig.get_layout_engine().set(w_pad=16 / 72, h_pad=16 / 72)

    plt.show()



.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-timing

   **Total running time of the script:** (0 minutes 1.943 seconds)


.. _sphx_glr_download_examples_30-showcase-cyberpunk.py:

.. only:: html

  .. container:: sphx-glr-footer sphx-glr-footer-example

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter

      :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: 30-showcase-cyberpunk.ipynb <30-showcase-cyberpunk.ipynb>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python

      :download:`Download Python source code: 30-showcase-cyberpunk.py <30-showcase-cyberpunk.py>`

    .. container:: sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-zip

      :download:`Download zipped: 30-showcase-cyberpunk.zip <30-showcase-cyberpunk.zip>`


.. only:: html

 .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature

    `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.github.io>`_